The rising challenge of methane emissions from waste – Australia

Posted on July 13, 2025 by DrRossH in Landfills and Disposal

A major source of methane comes from waste – especially decomposing organic matter in landfills – and something needs to be done about it.

Source: The rising challenge of methane emissions from waste – Inside Waste

Australia’s Emerging Policies

Unlike the European Union, Australia has only one federal legislative mechanism specifically targeting methane emissions from waste, the Safeguard Mechanism:

  • Which requires a 4.9 per cent reduction in annual emissions by covered companies.
  • However, it only covers the very big landfills emitting more than 100kt CO₂-e. Most of these already have methane capture systems in place and have a limited capacity to do more.
  • Therefore, 90 per cent plus of Australia’s landfills are not covered and there is no federal legislation forcing them to install gas capture.

The National Waste Policy Action Plan aims for a 50 per cent reduction in organics to landfill, but there are no mandates or regulatory requirements to achieve this target.

In 2021/22, the Australian solid waste management sector generated 10.5 Mt CO₂-e, with landfills responsible for 97 per cent of those emissions. Methane capture rates have stalled at around 45%, falling behind countries like the UK and the US, which achieve over 60 per cent.

Australia currently sends about 7.6 million tonnes of food waste to landfill annually. Diverting this waste from landfill, presents an incredible opportunity to generate high quality compost and renewable green energy via AD while reducing GHG emissions and preserving landfill space.